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  Sustainable Gardening  Techniques COMPANION GARDENINGMaximizing the symbiotic and chemical 
relationships between plants. 
Companion planting, or intercropping, allows us to take advantage of 
certain chemical interactions between plants. These interactions can 
be used to encourage plant growth and health in a symbiotic manner. 
Every plant releases different chemical agents, either above ground 
through its leaves, or below ground from its roots. 
These chemicals attract or repel insects, and either aid, or 
discourage their growth and reproduction.  
Below ground, plant roots release amino acids, vitamins, sugars, 
tannins, alkaloids, phosphatides, and glucosides into the soil, 
affecting plants either positively or negatively, resulting in plant 
health, or disease. Chemicals emmitted from plant roots will either 
attract or repel underground insects.  
Above ground, plant foilage also gives off chemical scents - 
alkaloids, sulphides, and phenolic compounds - which repel or 
attract insects, or act as a natural fungicide. 
Chemicals released by a plants foilage are increased by 
watering, heat, and stress.  
Each plant has a different molecular vibration, or wave length. 
Insects use these vibrations to determine the location of the 
plants growing in your garden. Using companion planting, 
insects are not able to easily find and settle into an area 
to eat, reproduce, or hide.  
 Bottom Line...Some plants do better when in the company of other plants for 
a variety of reasons...to repel harmful insects, to attract useful 
insects, or to enhance the growth rate and flavor of other plants.  
Companion planting helps bring a balanced eco-system to your garden.  
Every garden is different with different problems.  All problems 
will not be eliminated, but it is definitely worth experimenting.  
The next page lists plants with their "good" companions which enhance 
the plants existence, and their "bad" companions that 
can create adverse effects.
  Intensive Planting... techniques which go 'hand in hand' 
(get it, hand in hand ha ha ha!) with Companion Gardening. 
 
 
   | As we learn to sustain and maintain our soil with resource conserving techniques, we
learn to sustain ourselves. When we design a garden with this in mind, we work
with the land, and not against nature. |  
 
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